Solar Based Railway Crack Detection Robot

Our Indian Railways has the largest railways network, in world’s fourth largest railway network. The indian railways covers all the part of the place,most of the train are diesel and electric were used in railways.Safety has been one of the biggest concerns in the railways system.

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The most accident is occurs in the level crossing at the track and the crack break there produce a massive disaster in railways many people are died in that accident,even economical loss government. To avoid these accident the automation technology is implemented on the railways system like Automated railway crossing level technology and here the crack can be detected by this technique.

Solar energy is used to run the robot wheels of DC Motor.The Crack is detected by the IR Sensor, the controller get the signal,the robot model is stopped on the track,it has the buzzer.The GSM modem can be added to the robot so the crack is found means the message will be sent to the track man or corresponding near station, the train can be alert track which train is on the track.

Project Description:

• AT89S52: The AT89S52 is a low power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8k bytes of in-system programmable flash memory. This is a powerful microcontroller which provides high flexibility and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. It has the following standard features: 8K bytes of flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, watchdog timer, 2 data pointers, 3 16-bit timers/counters, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.
• Proximity Senor: Proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. It emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation(infrared) and looks for the changes in the field or return signal.
• DC Motor: This is an electric machines which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.it is 12v DC supply
• Infrared sensor: An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument which is used to sense certain characteristics of its surroundings by either emitting and/or detecting infrared radiation.Infrared sensors are also capable of measuring the heat being emitted by an object and detecting motion.

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The wavelength region which ranges from 0.75 to 3µm is known as the near infrared regions. The region between 3 and 6µm is known as the mid-infrared and infrared radiation which has a wavelength greater higher than 6µm is known as far infrared.Infrared technology finds applications in many everyday products.

• L293D: The L293D are quadruple high-current half drivers. It is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of upto 600-MA at voltage ranging from 4.5V to 36V. It is mainly used to drive inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, dc and bipolar stepping motors. On the L293D, external high-speed output clamp diodes should be used for inductive transient suppression.

Project Implementation:

1. Built the Robot model wheel should be railcar as rolling wheels,attached with the DC motor of the wheel frame.
2. Take an small strip metal attach the front of both the wheel
3. On the metal strip fix the IR Sensor the led is between the track of both the side
4. Place the Solar panel on the top of the robot model
5. In centre the microcontroller ,battery,GSM Modem is covered place on the centre

Software requirements:

1. Keil Uvision 3: Keil Software makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments and evaluation boards for the 8051, 251, ARM and XC16x/C16x/ST10 microcontroller families
2. Programming language:Embedded C language

• Solar Panel
• DC Motor
• L293D
• IR Sensor
• GSM
• Microcontroller

• Solar Panel
• IR Sensor

Solar Based Railway Crack Detection Robot